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Single Phase Half and Full Controlled Rectifier

Single Phase Half and Fully Controlled Rectifier

Operation and Analysis of single phase fully controlled converter.

Instructional Objectives

On completion the student will be able to

            • Differentiate between the constructional and operation features of uncontrolled and controlled converters

            • Draw the waveforms and calculate their average and RMS values of different variables associated with a single phase fully controlled half wave converter.

            • Explain the operating principle of a single phase fully controlled bridge converter.

            • Identify the mode of operation of the converter (continuous or discontinuous) for a given load parameters and firing angle.

            • Analyze the converter operation in both continuous and discontinuous conduction mode and there by find out the average and RMS values of input/output, voltage/currents.

            • Explain the operation of the converter in the inverter mode.

Introduction

Single phase uncontrolled rectifiers are extensively used in a number of power electronic based converters.  In most cases they are used to provide an intermediate unregulated dc voltage source which is further processed to obtain a regulated dc or ac output.  They have, in general, been proved to be efficient and robust power stages.  However, they suffer from a few disadvantages.   The main among them is their inability to control the output dc voltage / current magnitude when the input ac voltage and load parameters remain fixed.  They are also unidirectional in the sense that they allow electrical power to flow from the ac side to the dc side only.  These two disadvantages are the direct consequences of using power diodes in these converters which can block voltage only in one direction.  As will be shown in this module, these two disadvantages are overcome if the diodes are replaced by thyristors, the resulting converters are called fully controlled converters.

Thyristors are semicontrolled devices which can be turned ON by applying a current pulse at its gate terminal at a desired instance.  However, they cannot be turned off from the gate terminals.  Therefore, the fully controlled converter continues to exhibit load dependent output voltage / current waveforms as in the case of their uncontrolled counterpart.  However, since the thyristor can block forward voltage, the output voltage / current magnitude can be controlled by controlling the turn on instants of the thyristors.  Working principle of thyristors based single phase fully controlled converters will be explained first in the case of a single thyristor halfwave rectifier circuit supplying an R or R-L load.  However, such converters are rarely used in practice.

Full bridge is the most popular configuration used with single phase fully controlled rectifiers.  Analysis and performance of this rectifier supplying an R-L-E load (which may represent a dc motor) will be studied in detail in this lesson.