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Three phase semicontrolled rectifier

Operation and Analysis of Three Phase Half Controlled Converter

Instructional Objectives

On completion the student will be able to 

            • Draw the circuit diagram and waveforms of different variables associated with a three phase half controlled converter.

            • Identify the constructional and operational difference between a three phase fully controlled and half controlled converter.

            • Calculate the average and RMS value of the output dc voltage.

            • Calculate the displacement factor, distortion factor and power factor of the input ac line current.

            • Calculate the Fourier series components of the output voltage and input current waveforms.

            • Derive the closed form expression for output dc current and hence identify continuous or discontinuous conduction mode of the converter.

Introduction 

Three phase fully controlled converters are very popular in many industrial applications particularly in situations where power regeneration from the dc side is essential.  It can handle reasonably high power and has acceptable input and output harmonic distortion. The configuration also lends itself to easy series and parallel connection for increasing voltage and current rating or improvement in harmonic behavior.  However, this versatility of a three phase fully controlled converters are obtained at the cost of increased circuit complexity due to the use of six thyristors and their associated control circuit. This complexity can be considerably reduced in applications where power regeneration is not necessary.  In that case three thyristors of the top group or the bottom group of a three phase fully controlled converter can be replaced by three diodes.  The resulting converter is called a three phase half controlled converter.  Replacing three thyristors by three diodes reduces circuit complexity but at the same time prevents negative voltage appearing at the output at any time. Therefore the converter cannot operate in the inverting mode.

The three phase half controlled converter has several other advantages over a three phase fully controlled converter. For the same firing angle it has lower input side displacement factor compared to a fully controlled converter. It also extends the range of continuous conduction of the converter. It has one serious disadvantage however. The output voltage is periodic over one third of the input cycle rather than one sixth as is the case with fully controlled converters. This implies both input and output harmonics are of lower frequency and require heavier filtering.  For this reason half controlled three phase converters are not as popular as their fully controlled counterpart.

Although, from the point of view of construction and circuit complexity the half controlled converter is simpler compared to the fully controlled converter, its analysis is considerably more difficult.  In this lesson the operating principle and analysis of a three phase half controlled converter operating in the continuous conduction mode will be presented.