preface
the knowledge of fluid flow is very important because all chemical plants have fluid flow. the examples are flow of stream and gases in pipes, flow of liquid in pipes and open channels etc.
both gases and liquids are classified as fluids, and there are numbers of fluids engineering applications such as: breathing, blood flow, pumps, fans, turbines, rivers, windmills, pipes, missiles, filters, jets, etc ...,
study of fluids either in motion (fluid dynamics) or at rest (fluid
statics) and the effects of the fluid upon the boundaries, which may be either solid surfaces or interfaces with other fluids is very important to chemical engineers in order to design fluid flow equipment such as pipes , fittings , pumps , compressors blowers , filters , reactors , tanks , valves , flow control system etc .. and in analysing flow problems .
since fluid flow is a branch of mechanics, it satisfies a set of basic laws, which that apply to the analysis of fluid flows and can be described by the ‘‘conservation laws’’:
1. conservation of mass
2. conservation of energy (first law of thermodynamics)
3. conservation of momentum (newton’s second law)
4. the second law of thermodynamics
these conservation laws are basic and are the starting point for the solution of every problem.
it is very important for students to show how these basic laws can be applied, along with knowledge of system properties, operating conditions, and suitable assumptions, to the analysis of a wide variety of practical problems involving the flow of fluids.
the fluid flow subject for second stage chemical engineering was divided to eleven captures covering 90 class lecture for two semester , each chapter take a number of lectures depending on the size of the chapter, the lectures are two theoretical class lecture and one tutorial for solving homework problems .
fluid flow subject chapter classified as follow:
chapter one introduction to fluid mechanics : 6 class lecture
chapter two : fluid static 6 class lecture
chapter three : fluid in motion 9 lecture
chapter four: flow of incompressible newtonian fluid flow in pipes and channels : 15 lectures
chapter five : flow of incompressible non newtonian fluid flow in pipes and channels : 9 lectures
chapter six : fluid transportation : 9 lectures
chapter seven : mixing of liquid in tanks : 9 lectures
chapter eight : flow of compressible fluid in conduit: 9 lectures
chapter nine : flow measurements: 6 lectures
chapter ten : boundary layers : 6 lectures
chapter eleven :gas –liquid two phase flow : 6 lectures
after completing this course, students will be able to:
1. define shear stress, shear rate, and absolute viscosity and identify common classes of fluids.
2 - write and apply macroscopic mass, energy, and momentum balances on chemical engineering flow processes and systems.
3. compute average velocity in a conduit given an analytical velocity profile or experimental velocity profile point values.
4. use the extended bernoulli equation and macroscopic energy balance to evaluate frictional factor and pressure droping in newtonian & non newtonian fluid and size common fluid flow devices (e.g. pumps, piping, valves ).
5. calculate the power consumption in agitated vessels
6. describe the energy relationships in compressible flow and estimate pressure droping for compressible pipe flow of an ideal gas under isothermal and adiabatic expansion.
7. describe boundary layer development for flow over a flat plate including velocity profile and boundary layer thickness and describe the phenomenon of pipe entrance length using boundary layer development.
8.. calculate the pressure droping across a column for two phase flow