Mixture formation in diesel engine

Introduction:
In diesel engine there an internal method of mixture formation. So the conditions in Diesel in diesel engine are difficult because of
1. Short time of fuel injection (20-40)oC.A.
2. Greater viscosity of Diesel fuel
3. Bad evaporation of Diesel fuel
There are two basic method of mixture formation in diesel engine
1. Volume way (fuel goes to air)
2. Thermal way (air goes to fuel)
1. Volume way of mixture formation:
Is characterized by a multi holes nozzle and corresponding form of combustion chamber.
The geometry of spray depends on many parameters particularly on the following
1. Air specific mass in combustion chamber
2. Fuel viscosity
3. Orifice diameter
2. Thermal way of mixture formation
Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber to form a thin film of fuel (i.e. evaporated and mixing with air takes place continuously)
Dr Meurer of M.A.N. Germany after 20 years of research developed in 1954 (M process) engine which run without typical diesel combustion noise and hence it was named "whisper engine".
The M combustion chamber is a special type of open combustion chamber, having combustion chamber in the piston cavity